Contents

Preface	vi
Acknowledgements	viii
List of Abbreviations	ix
List of Figures	xv
List of Tables	xvii
1  CNS/ATM Systems Concept	1
2  Approach to Planning	13
3  Air Traffic Management	28
4  Communications	71
5  Navigation	118
6  Surveillance	178
7  Interoperability, Seamlessness and Harmonization	198
8  Economic, Organizational and Legal Issues	226
Appendix 1  Air Traffic Management Operational Concept	241
Appendix 2  Required Communication Performance Operational                   Concept	329
Appendix 3  Required Navigation Performance Operational Concept	357
Appendix 4  Required Surveillance Operational Concept	379
Index	389

		           Summary of Chapters

1.   CNS/ATM Systems concept

1.1     This chapter, while providing historical background to the development of CNS/ATM systems concept,  talks about the concept, the differences between current and new systems and how it benefits the civil aviation community.

2.   Approach to Planning

2.1     While introducing annexes and provisions of ICAO, this chapter explains worldwide planning structure and mechanisms at the global, regional, subregional and national levels. It also provides ICAO’s role, with practical examples, in interregional planning activities to harmonize the implementation of CNS/ATM systems.

3.   Air Traffic Management

3.1      It delves into all elements of air traffic management, namely airspace management, air traffic services and air traffic flow management. While providing guidelines for transition to a Global ATM system, approach to flexible use airspace and RVSM are also discussed. Furthermore, this chapter will explain how decision support tools would enhance safety and productivity.

4.   Communications

4.1      This chapter commences with technical details covering data and voice communications for both ground-ground as well as air-ground segments. In the latter half of the chapter implementation approach for communication elements such as ground-ground networks, data links, ATN, voice communication systems and the guidelines for the transition are dealt with in detail using tables, flow charts and decision trees. The chapter concludes with a description of future aeronautical mobile communications scenario.

5.   Navigation

5.1      Satellite navigation, which is based on WGS-84 coordinate system, is explained in depth in this chapter. It covers performance requirements, geodetic reference, space constellations (GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO), augmentation systems (ABAS, SBAS, GBAS and GRAS), signal vulnerability, databases, flight inspection, operational concept of APV, strategy for approach/landing/departure operations and institutional aspects. In the latter half of the chapter implementation approach for GNSS for all phases of flight and the guidelines for the transition are dealt with in detail using tables, flow charts and decision trees. The chapter concludes with a description of evolution of existing and emerging GNSS elements.

6.   Surveillance

6.1      In addition to a comprehensive introduction on the role of primary and secondary radars, the chapter contains substantial material on new methods of surveillance such as ADS(A) and ADS(B). It is followed by a treatment of A-SMGCS and ASAS concepts. In the latter half of the chapter implementation of surveillance options and the guidelines for the transition are dealt with in detail. The chapter concludes with a brief description of future trends in surveillance systems.

7.   Interoperability, Seamlessness and Harmonization

7.1       This chapter develops the notions of interoperability and harmonization in planning and implementation of CNS/ATM systems leading to a global ATM system. While examining the global and regional framework, it provides tools and procedures for the harmonization of CNS elements between current and new systems and also amongst new systems themselves. The chapter concludes with a detailed list of subregional/regional/interregional initiatives for the harmonized implementation of air navigation systems including CNS/ATM systems covering past, present and future.

8.   Economic, Organizational and Legal issues

8.1      This concluding chapter offers comprehensive review of economic matters such as cost/benefit analyses, business case studies and financing plan, organizational framework for establishing CNS/ATM systems infrastructure, cost recovery policy and legal aspects of CSN/ATM systems. There will be a reference to ongoing activities at ICAO in these fields.

Appendix 1:   Air Traffic Management Operational Concept

The operational concept described in this appendix was endorsed by the ICAO’s Eleventh Air Navigation Conference (Montreal, Canada, 22 September–3 October 2003).

Appendix 2:     Required Communication Performance Operational Concept

This appendix reviews current information on the progress made by ICAO in establishing an operational concept of RCP.

Appendix 3:  Required Navigation Performance Operational Concept

The concept of RNP and RNAV and an approach to its implementation are discussed in great detail. The appendix concludes with open issues related to RNP and RNAV and informs the reader how ICAO intends to address it.

Appendix 4:   Required Surveillance Operational Concept

Although the concept of RSP is still being developed, this appendix examines the recent version of the concept, which is under consideration of ICAO.

Index